JOURNAL REFERENCES FOR PROPOSAL

1-) PIEZOELECTRIC SMART ROAD SENSOR

Link: PIEZOELECTRIC SMART ROAD SENSOR

Abstract from Journal:Energy harvesting is an emerging technology in order to meet the demands of the increasing population. Energy can be harvested from various sources like thermal, vibration, chemical etc. Similarly energy can be harvested from the roads by using the piezoelectric effect. This paper summarizes about the sensor that will be a great benefit to the lifetime of the fossil fuels and helps in preventing the environment from polluting due to wastes. This paper presents about the piezoelectric sensor that can be implanted beneath the road bed to harvest electricity from the vibrations produced due to the vehicles moving on the road.

2-) FUNDAMENTAL UNDERSTANDING OF PIEZOELECTRIC STRAIN SENSOR 

Link: PIEZOELECTRIC STRAIN SENSOR

Info: Strain measurements from piezoceramic (PZT) and piezofilm (PVDF) sensors are comparedwith strains from a conventional foil strain gage and the advantages of each type of sensor are discussed,along with their limitations. The sensors are surface bonded to a beam and are calibrated over a frequency range of 5–500 Hz. Correction factors to account for transverse strain and shear lag effects due to the bond layer are analytically derived and experimentally validated. The effect of temperature on the output of PZT strain sensors is investigated. Additionally, design of signal conditioning electronics to collect the signals from the piezoelectric sensors is addressed.

3-) PIEZOELECTRIC ENERGY HARVESTING DEVICES: AN ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCE FOR WIRELESS SENSORS

Link: PIEZOELECTRIC ENERGY HARVESTING DEVICES

Info: One of the major limitations on performance and lifetime of WSNs is the limited capacity of these finite power sources, which must be manually replaced when they are depleted.Moreover, the embedded nature of some of the sensors and hazardous sensing environment make battery replacement very difficult and costly. The process of harnessing and converting ambient energy sources into usable electrical energy is called energy harvesting. Energy harvesting raises the possibility of self-powered systems which are ubiquitous and truly autonomous, and without human intervention for energy replenishment. Among the ambient energy sources such as solar energy, heat, and wind, mechanical vibrations are an attractive ambient source mainly because they are widely available and are ideal for the use of piezoelectric materials, which have the ability to convert mechanical strain energy into electrical energy.